GENETIC TRAINER
A coaching approach that makes responsible use of genetic information.
DO YOU KNOW THE ANSWERS?
1- Are you familiar with the muscle fibre types determined by the ACTN-3 gene?
TYPE-1, TYPE-2A, TYPE-2B
2- Are you familiar with the biochemical characteristics of muscle fibrils?
3- Are you familiar with the relationship between RAAS and the ACE gene?
4- What is cardiovascular capacity?
5- Which energy system do muscles use: oxidative, glycolytic or hybrid?
6- What are the processes of regeneration and supercompensation?
7- Given an individual’s genetic makeup, what percentage of their calorie requirements should come from protein, carbohydrates or fat?
THE ANSWER:
INTERPRETING GENETIC INFORMATION
Genes can influence certain biological tendencies, including responses to training, recovery patterns, susceptibility to injury and physical adaptation.
However, athletic development is shaped by many factors, including training quality, coaching, skill development, nutrition, sleep, psychology, injury history, the environment, opportunities, motivation and a culture that supports long-term development.
FOR EXAMPLE:
CORRECT INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA FROM THE GENE PANELS BELOW CAN MAKE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE.
- ACTN3 (Alpha-actinin-3) = Determines muscle fibre type: fast-twitch glycolytic, slow-twitch oxidative or a universal type that partly combines both characteristics. It is one of the most important genetic factors in identifying the sport, category and playing position for achieving maximum performance.
- ACE (Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme) = Determines cardiac capacity. Its effects relate to vasoconstriction, water and sodium balance, red blood cell production and tissue oxygenation. It is also one of the key reference genes for determining training duration, volume, intensity and frequency.
- SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2 /c-28T) = Prevents cell death caused by oxidative stress and determines the regeneration process through the immune response. Healthier cells have a positive effect on performance and muscle development.
- SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2 /c.245T>C) = Eliminates superoxide anion radicals, which are produced within cells and are toxic to biological systems. It accelerates the rebuilding process.
- IL-6 (Interleukin-6) = Encodes a cytokine involved in the immune response, inflammation and B-cell maturation. It determines immunity and the recovery process.
- IL-6R (Interleukin-6 Receptor) = At low concentrations, the soluble form of the IL6 receptor acts as an agonist of IL6 activity (regeneration and recovery).
- COL1A1 (Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain) = Encodes / produces type 1 collagen (cruciate ligament tears and shoulder dislocations).
- TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) = Is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as cytokines and stress and plays an important role in regulating the immune response to infections.
- GDF5 (Growth Differentiation Factor 5) = A growth factor involved in bone and cartilage formation. Injury risks include tendinopathy and osteoarthritis.
- CRP (C-Reactive Protein) = Has several functions associated with primary defence. It regulates the acute-phase response to tissue damage, infection or other inflammatory stimuli and can interact with DNA and histones.
- NOS3 (Nitric Oxide Synthase 3) = Produces nitric oxide (NO), which relaxes vascular smooth muscle. By dilating blood vessels, it increases circulation and the supply of oxygen, glycogen and nutrients to muscles.
- DIO1 (Iodothyronine Deiodinase 1) = Thyroid function supplies most of the circulating T3 required for growth, differentiation and basal metabolism in vertebrates.
- VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) = Promotes the growth of new blood vessels that support physical exertion. Its link to athletic performance is endurance.
- PPARGC1A (PPARG Coactivator 1 Alpha) = Acts as a transcriptional coactivator for steroid and nuclear receptors.
- PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma) = Controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids and contributes to the regulation of cardiovascular rhythms by regulating ARNTL / BMAL1 transcription in blood vessels.
ETHICAL APPROACH
MY AIM
To introduce you to biological factors that may influence development in basketball and to offer a practical framework for understanding individual differences more responsibly.
Genetics can help us ask better questions. However, it should never be used to label players, limit young athletes or replace a coach’s judgement.
GENETIC TRAINER
A coaching approach that makes responsible use of genetic information.
DO YOU KNOW THE ANSWERS?
1- Are you familiar with the muscle fibre types determined by the ACTN-3 gene?
TYPE-1, TYPE-2A, TYPE-2B
2- Are you familiar with the biochemical characteristics of muscle fibrils?
3- Are you familiar with the relationship between RAAS and the ACE gene?
4- What is cardiovascular capacity?
5- Which energy system do muscles use: oxidative, glycolytic or hybrid?
6- What are the processes of regeneration and supercompensation?
7- Given an individual’s genetic makeup, what percentage of their calorie requirements should come from protein, carbohydrates or fat?
THE ANSWER:
INTERPRETING GENETIC INFORMATION
Genes can influence certain biological tendencies, including responses to training, recovery patterns, susceptibility to injury and physical adaptation.
However, athletic development is shaped by many factors, including training quality, coaching, skill development, nutrition, sleep, psychology, injury history, the environment, opportunities, motivation and a culture that supports long-term development.
FOR EXAMPLE:
CORRECT INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA FROM THE GENE PANELS BELOW CAN MAKE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE.
- ACTN3 (Alpha-actinin-3) = Determines muscle fibre type: fast-twitch glycolytic, slow-twitch oxidative or a universal type that partly combines both characteristics. It is one of the most important genetic factors in identifying the sport, category and playing position for achieving maximum performance.
- ACE (Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme) = Determines cardiac capacity. Its effects relate to vasoconstriction, water and sodium balance, red blood cell production and tissue oxygenation. It is also one of the key reference genes for determining training duration, volume, intensity and frequency.
- SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2 /c-28T) = Prevents cell death caused by oxidative stress and determines the regeneration process through the immune response. Healthier cells have a positive effect on performance and muscle development.
- SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2 /c.245T>C) = Eliminates superoxide anion radicals, which are produced within cells and are toxic to biological systems. It accelerates the rebuilding process.
- IL-6 (Interleukin-6) = Encodes a cytokine involved in the immune response, inflammation and B-cell maturation. It determines immunity and the recovery process.
- IL-6R (Interleukin-6 Receptor) = At low concentrations, the soluble form of the IL6 receptor acts as an agonist of IL6 activity (regeneration and recovery).
- COL1A1 (Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain) = Encodes / produces type 1 collagen (cruciate ligament tears and shoulder dislocations).
- TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) = Is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as cytokines and stress and plays an important role in regulating the immune response to infections.
- GDF5 (Growth Differentiation Factor 5) = A growth factor involved in bone and cartilage formation. Injury risks include tendinopathy and osteoarthritis.
- CRP (C-Reactive Protein) = Has several functions associated with primary defence. It regulates the acute-phase response to tissue damage, infection or other inflammatory stimuli and can interact with DNA and histones.
- NOS3 (Nitric Oxide Synthase 3) = Produces nitric oxide (NO), which relaxes vascular smooth muscle. By dilating blood vessels, it increases circulation and the supply of oxygen, glycogen and nutrients to muscles.
- DIO1 (Iodothyronine Deiodinase 1) = Thyroid function supplies most of the circulating T3 required for growth, differentiation and basal metabolism in vertebrates.
- VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) = Promotes the growth of new blood vessels that support physical exertion. Its link to athletic performance is endurance.
- PPARGC1A (PPARG Coactivator 1 Alpha) = Acts as a transcriptional coactivator for steroid and nuclear receptors.
- PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma) = Controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids and contributes to the regulation of cardiovascular rhythms by regulating ARNTL / BMAL1 transcription in blood vessels.
ETHICAL APPROACH
MY AIM
To introduce you to biological factors that may influence development in basketball and to offer a practical framework for understanding individual differences more responsibly.
Genetics can help us ask better questions. However, it should never be used to label players, limit young athletes or replace a coach’s judgement.
GENETIC TRAINER
A coaching approach that makes responsible use of genetic information.
DO YOU KNOW THE ANSWERS?
1- Are you familiar with the muscle fibre types determined by the ACTN-3 gene?
TYPE-1, TYPE-2A, TYPE-2B
2- Are you familiar with the biochemical characteristics of muscle fibrils?
3- Are you familiar with the relationship between RAAS and the ACE gene?
4- What is cardiovascular capacity?
5- Which energy system do muscles use: oxidative, glycolytic or hybrid?
6- What are the processes of regeneration and supercompensation?
7- Given an individual’s genetic makeup, what percentage of their calorie requirements should come from protein, carbohydrates or fat?
THE ANSWER:
INTERPRETING GENETIC INFORMATION
Genes can influence certain biological tendencies, including responses to training, recovery patterns, susceptibility to injury and physical adaptation.
However, athletic development is shaped by many factors, including training quality, coaching, skill development, nutrition, sleep, psychology, injury history, the environment, opportunities, motivation and a culture that supports long-term development.
FOR EXAMPLE:
CORRECT INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA FROM THE GENE PANELS BELOW CAN MAKE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE.
- ACTN3 (Alpha-actinin-3) = Determines muscle fibre type: fast-twitch glycolytic, slow-twitch oxidative or a universal type that partly combines both characteristics. It is one of the most important genetic factors in identifying the sport, category and playing position for achieving maximum performance.
- ACE (Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme) = Determines cardiac capacity. Its effects relate to vasoconstriction, water and sodium balance, red blood cell production and tissue oxygenation. It is also one of the key reference genes for determining training duration, volume, intensity and frequency.
- SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2 /c-28T) = Prevents cell death caused by oxidative stress and determines the regeneration process through the immune response. Healthier cells have a positive effect on performance and muscle development.
- SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2 /c.245T>C) = Eliminates superoxide anion radicals, which are produced within cells and are toxic to biological systems. It accelerates the rebuilding process.
- IL-6 (Interleukin-6) = Encodes a cytokine involved in the immune response, inflammation and B-cell maturation. It determines immunity and the recovery process.
- IL-6R (Interleukin-6 Receptor) = At low concentrations, the soluble form of the IL6 receptor acts as an agonist of IL6 activity (regeneration and recovery).
- COL1A1 (Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain) = Encodes / produces type 1 collagen (cruciate ligament tears and shoulder dislocations).
- TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) = Is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as cytokines and stress and plays an important role in regulating the immune response to infections.
- GDF5 (Growth Differentiation Factor 5) = A growth factor involved in bone and cartilage formation. Injury risks include tendinopathy and osteoarthritis.
- CRP (C-Reactive Protein) = Has several functions associated with primary defence. It regulates the acute-phase response to tissue damage, infection or other inflammatory stimuli and can interact with DNA and histones.
- NOS3 (Nitric Oxide Synthase 3) = Produces nitric oxide (NO), which relaxes vascular smooth muscle. By dilating blood vessels, it increases circulation and the supply of oxygen, glycogen and nutrients to muscles.
- DIO1 (Iodothyronine Deiodinase 1) = Thyroid function supplies most of the circulating T3 required for growth, differentiation and basal metabolism in vertebrates.
- VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) = Promotes the growth of new blood vessels that support physical exertion. Its link to athletic performance is endurance.
- PPARGC1A (PPARG Coactivator 1 Alpha) = Acts as a transcriptional coactivator for steroid and nuclear receptors.
- PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma) = Controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids and contributes to the regulation of cardiovascular rhythms by regulating ARNTL / BMAL1 transcription in blood vessels.
ETHICAL APPROACH
MY AIM
To introduce you to biological factors that may influence development in basketball and to offer a practical framework for understanding individual differences more responsibly.
Genetics can help us ask better questions. However, it should never be used to label players, limit young athletes or replace a coach’s judgement.
Genetic Trainer
A responsible, genetics-informed coaching approach.
An information page explaining the Expert Genetic Trainer qualification, training certificate, scope and professional ethical boundaries.